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The Global Medieval Warm Period

Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change. "The Global Medieval Warm Period.” Last modified October 30, 2014. http://www.co2science.org/subject/g/summaries/globalmwp.php.

Salt Lake City 11/21/2014 10:03:43 PM

Between the 10th and 14th centuries AD, earth's average global temperature may have been warmer than it is today, according to the analyses of Lamb (1977, 1984, 1988) and Grove (1988). The existence of this Medieval Warm Period was initially deduced from historical weather records and proxy climate data from England and Northern Europe. Interestingly, the warmer conditions associated with this interval of time are also known to have had a largely beneficial impact on earth's plant and animal life. In fact, the environmental conditions of this time period have been determined to have been so favorable that it was often referred to as the Little Climatic Optimum (Imbrie and Imbrie, 1979; Dean, 1994; Petersen, 1994; SerreBachet, 1994; Villalba, 1994). 

The degree of warming associated with the Medieval Warm Period varied from region to region; and, hence, its consequences were manifested in a number of different ways (Dean, 1994). In Europe, temperatures reached some of the warmest levels of the last 4,000 years, allowing enough grapes to be successfully grown in England to sustain an indigenous wine industry (Le Roy Ladurie, 1971). Contemporaneously, horticulturists in China extended their cultivation of citrus trees and perennial herbs further and further northward, resulting in an expansion of their ranges that reached its maximum extent in the 13th century (De'er, 1994). Considering the climatic conditions required to successfully grow these species, it has been estimated that annual mean temperatures in the region must have been about 1.0 °C higher than at present, with extreme January minimum temperatures fully 3.5 °C warmer than they are today (De'er, 1994). 

In North America, tree-ring chronologies from the southern Canadian Rockies have provided evidence for higher treelines and wider ring-widths between AD 950 and 1100, suggesting warmer temperatures and more favorable growing conditions (Luckman, 1994). Similar results have been derived from tree-ring analyses of bristlecone pines in the White Mountains of California, where much greater growth was recorded in the 11th and 12th centuries (Leavitt, 1994). By analyzing 13C/12C ratios in the rings of these trees, it was also found that soil moisture conditions were more favorable in this region during the Medieval Warm Period (Leavitt, 1994). Simultaneous increases in precipitation were additionally found to have occurred in monsoonal locations of the United States desert southwest, where there are indications of increased lake levels from AD 700-1350 (Davis, 1994). 

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The Influence of CO2 on Plant Antioxidants

Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change. "The Influence of CO2 on Plant Antioxidants.” Last modified January 8, 2015. http://www.co2science.org/subject/a/summaries/antioxidants.php.

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Coral Reef Responses to Temperature Stress: Thermal Adaptation

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Forest Growth Response to CO2

Forest Growth Response to CO2. By examining various properties of tree rings, researchers can deduce how historical increases in the air's CO2 concentration have already affected tree productivity and water use efficiency.

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Onward Marches the Great Pause

Onward Marches the Great Pause. Since October 1996 there has been no global warming at all (Fig. 1).

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RESPONSE OF VARIOUS MARINE ANIMALS TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND WARMING

RESPONSE OF VARIOUS MARINE ANIMALS TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND WARMING.

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FACE EXPERIMENTS AND GRASSLAND SPECIES

FACE EXPERIMENTS AND GRASSLAND SPECIES.

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EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON FISH

EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON FISH.

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Response of Fish to Ocean Warming

Response of Fish to Ocean Warming. According to the IPCC, CO2-induced global warming will be net harmful to the world's marine species.

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Long-Term Open-Top-Chamber Study of Sour Orange Trees

Long-Term Open-Top-Chamber Study of Sour Orange Trees. Eight 30-cm-tall sour orange tree (Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings were planted directly into the ground at the Agricultural Research Service's U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory in Phoenix, A ...

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The Global Medieval Warm Period

The Global Medieval Warm Period. Between the 10th and 14th centuries AD, earth's average global temperature may have been warmer than it is today.

Released On: 11/21/2014
Views: 3762

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Growth Rates of Old versus Young Forest Trees

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Tropical Trees

Citation: Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change. "Tropical Trees.”

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Water Use Efficiency of Agricultural Species

Water Use Efficiency of Agricultural Species.

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GLOBAL TEMPERATURES AND BIOSPHERIC PRODUCTIVITY

Global temperatures and biospheric productivity. Among the many climate-alarmist fears of CO2-induced global warming is the concern that the productivity of the biosphere will decline if global temperatures rise to the extent predicted by compute ...

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REWRITING SUNSPOT HISTORY

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ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND ORDER DRAFT OF THE WORKING GROUP I CONTRIBUTION TO IPCC 5AR

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THE ECONOMICS OF BIOFUELS

The economics of biofuels. Aside from rejecting biofuel expansion and use for environmental reasons.

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